764 lines
22 KiB
Bash
764 lines
22 KiB
Bash
#!/bin/bash
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#
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# Linux Environment Setup Script
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# Designed for: Debian-based, CentOS, and Fedora distributions
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# Purpose: Prepare a newly installed Linux system for development work
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# Features: Idempotent, comprehensive checks, safe execution
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#
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set -euo pipefail
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# Color codes for output
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RED='\033[0;31m'
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GREEN='\033[0;32m'
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YELLOW='\033[1;33m'
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BLUE='\033[0;34m'
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NC='\033[0m' # No Color
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# Script constants
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SCRIPT_VERSION="1.0.0"
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LOG_FILE="${LOG_FILE:-/tmp/linux_setup_$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S).log}"
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# =============================================================================
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# FUNCTIONS
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# =============================================================================
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log_info() {
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echo -e "${BLUE}[INFO]${NC} $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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}
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log_success() {
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echo -e "${GREEN}[SUCCESS]${NC} $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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}
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log_warning() {
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echo -e "${YELLOW}[WARNING]${NC} $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"
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}
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log_error() {
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echo -e "${RED}[ERROR]${NC} $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE" >&2
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}
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# Check if running as root
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check_root() {
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if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then
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log_error "This script must be run as root (use sudo)"
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exit 1
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fi
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}
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# Detect Linux distribution
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detect_distro() {
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# Defaults so these are always defined under `set -u`, regardless of
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# which detection branch below ends up firing.
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DISTRO_ID="unknown"
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DISTRO_ID_LIKE=""
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DISTRO_NAME="Unknown"
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DISTRO_VERSION=""
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if [[ -f /etc/os-release ]]; then
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source /etc/os-release
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DISTRO_ID="${ID:-unknown}"
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DISTRO_ID_LIKE="${ID_LIKE:-}"
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DISTRO_NAME="${NAME:-Unknown Linux}"
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DISTRO_VERSION="${VERSION_ID:-}"
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elif [[ -f /etc/redhat-release ]]; then
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DISTRO_ID="rhel"
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DISTRO_NAME="Red Hat-based"
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elif [[ -f /etc/debian_version ]]; then
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DISTRO_ID="debian"
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DISTRO_NAME="Debian-based"
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fi
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# Determine distro family
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if [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "ubuntu" ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "debian" ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID_LIKE" == *"debian"* ]]; then
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DISTRO_FAMILY="debian"
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elif [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "fedora" ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "rhel" ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "centos" ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID_LIKE" == *"rhel"* ]] || [[ "$DISTRO_ID_LIKE" == *"fedora"* ]]; then
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DISTRO_FAMILY="rhel"
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else
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DISTRO_FAMILY="unknown"
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fi
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log_info "Detected distribution: $DISTRO_NAME ($DISTRO_ID - $DISTRO_FAMILY family)"
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}
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# Check if command exists
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command_exists() {
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command -v "$1" >/dev/null 2>&1
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}
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# Check if package is installed (different methods per distro)
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is_package_installed() {
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local package_name="$1"
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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dpkg -l "$package_name" 2>/dev/null | grep -q "^ii"
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;;
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rhel)
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rpm -q "$package_name" &>/dev/null
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;;
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*)
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command_exists "$package_name"
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;;
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esac
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}
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# Update package cache
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update_package_cache() {
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log_info "Updating package cache..."
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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apt-get update -qq
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;;
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rhel)
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if command_exists dnf; then
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dnf makecache -qq
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else
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yum makecache fast -qq
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fi
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;;
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*)
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log_warning "Unknown distro family, skipping cache update"
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;;
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esac
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log_success "Package cache updated"
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}
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# Install package(s) with retry logic
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install_packages() {
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local packages=("$@")
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local failed=()
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for pkg in "${packages[@]}"; do
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if is_package_installed "$pkg"; then
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log_info "Package '$pkg' is already installed, skipping"
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continue
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fi
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log_info "Installing package: $pkg"
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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apt-get install -y -qq "$pkg" || failed+=("$pkg")
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;;
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rhel)
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if command_exists dnf; then
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dnf install -y -q "$pkg" || failed+=("$pkg")
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else
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yum install -y -q "$pkg" || failed+=("$pkg")
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fi
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;;
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*)
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log_warning "Cannot install '$pkg': Unknown distro family"
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failed+=("$pkg")
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;;
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esac
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# Verify installation
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if is_package_installed "$pkg"; then
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log_success "Package '$pkg' installed successfully"
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else
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log_error "Failed to install package: $pkg"
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fi
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done
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if [[ ${#failed[@]} -gt 0 ]]; then
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log_error "Failed to install: ${failed[*]}"
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return 1
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fi
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return 0
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}
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# =============================================================================
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# SETUP FUNCTIONS
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# =============================================================================
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# Setup essential system packages
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setup_essential_packages() {
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log_info "Setting up essential system packages..."
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local essential_packages=(
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"curl"
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"wget"
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"git"
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"vim"
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"htop"
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"jq"
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"tar"
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"gzip"
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"unzip"
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"build-essential"
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"ca-certificates"
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"gnupg"
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"lsb-release"
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"software-properties-common"
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)
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# Add distro-specific packages
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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# Ubuntu/Debian specific
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;;
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rhel)
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# CentOS/Fedora specific - drop build-essential (Debian-only package)
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# and use the RHEL/Fedora equivalents instead.
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local filtered_packages=()
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for p in "${essential_packages[@]}"; do
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[[ "$p" == "build-essential" ]] && continue
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filtered_packages+=("$p")
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done
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essential_packages=("${filtered_packages[@]}")
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essential_packages+=("gcc" "gcc-c++" "make")
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;;
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esac
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install_packages "${essential_packages[@]}"
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}
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# Setup Python
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setup_python() {
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log_info "Setting up Python..."
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# Check if Python 3 is already installed
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if command_exists python3; then
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local python_version
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python_version=$(python3 --version 2>&1 | awk '{print $2}')
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log_info "Python3 is already installed (version: $python_version)"
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else
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log_info "Installing Python3..."
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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install_packages "python3" "python3-pip" "python3-venv"
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;;
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rhel)
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install_packages "python3" "python3-pip"
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;;
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esac
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fi
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# Verify Python installation
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if command_exists python3; then
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log_success "Python3 installed: $(python3 --version)"
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else
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log_error "Python3 installation failed"
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return 1
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fi
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# Upgrade pip if needed
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if command_exists python3; then
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log_info "Upgrading pip..."
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python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip --quiet 2>/dev/null || true
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log_success "pip upgraded"
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fi
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# Install common Python packages
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local python_packages=("virtualenv" "pipenv")
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for pkg in "${python_packages[@]}"; do
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if python3 -c "import ${pkg%:*}" 2>/dev/null; then
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log_info "Python package '$pkg' already installed"
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else
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log_info "Installing Python package: $pkg"
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python3 -m pip install "$pkg" --quiet 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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done
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log_success "Python setup complete"
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}
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# Setup SSH
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setup_ssh() {
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log_info "Setting up SSH..."
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# Install OpenSSH if not present
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if ! command_exists ssh; then
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log_info "Installing OpenSSH..."
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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install_packages "openssh-client" "openssh-server"
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;;
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rhel)
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install_packages "openssh-clients" "openssh-server"
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;;
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esac
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else
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log_info "OpenSSH is already installed"
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fi
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# Check if SSH service is available
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if command_exists systemctl; then
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# Enable SSH service
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if systemctl list-unit-files | grep -q sshd.service; then
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log_info "SSH service unit found"
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# Check if SSH service is enabled
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if systemctl is-enabled sshd &>/dev/null; then
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log_info "SSH service is already enabled"
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else
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log_info "Enabling SSH service..."
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systemctl enable sshd 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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# Start SSH service if not running
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if systemctl is-active --quiet sshd; then
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log_info "SSH service is already running"
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else
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log_info "Starting SSH service..."
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systemctl start sshd 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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else
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log_warning "SSH service unit not found"
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fi
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fi
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# Setup SSH directory and permissions
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local ssh_dir="/root/.ssh"
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if [[ "$SUDO_USER" ]]; then
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ssh_dir="/home/$SUDO_USER/.ssh"
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fi
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mkdir -p "$ssh_dir"
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chmod 700 "$ssh_dir"
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log_success "SSH directory configured: $ssh_dir"
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log_success "SSH setup complete"
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}
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# Generate SSH key
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setup_ssh_key() {
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log_info "Setting up SSH keys..."
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local ssh_dir="/root/.ssh"
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local key_type="ed25519"
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# Keep this filename fixed (no per-user suffix): `whoami` is always "root"
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# while this script runs under sudo, so a "$(whoami)" suffix never
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# reflected the invoking user anyway - and print_summary() looks for
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# this exact unsuffixed name when it displays the key at the end.
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local key_name="id_ed25519"
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if [[ "$SUDO_USER" ]]; then
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ssh_dir="/home/$SUDO_USER/.ssh"
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fi
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# Ensure SSH directory exists with correct permissions
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mkdir -p "$ssh_dir"
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chmod 700 "$ssh_dir"
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local key_path="$ssh_dir/$key_name"
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local key_pub="$key_path.pub"
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# Check if key already exists
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if [[ -f "$key_path" ]]; then
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log_info "SSH key already exists at: $key_path"
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# Verify key permissions
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if [[ "$(stat -c %a "$key_path")" != "600" ]]; then
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log_warning "Fixing SSH key permissions..."
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chmod 600 "$key_path"
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fi
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else
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log_info "Generating new SSH key: $key_type"
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# Generate SSH key
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ssh-keygen -t "$key_type" -f "$key_path" -C "$(whoami)@$(hostname)-$(date +%Y%m%d)" -N ""
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# Set correct permissions
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chmod 600 "$key_path"
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chmod 644 "$key_pub"
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log_success "SSH key generated: $key_path"
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fi
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# Verify permissions
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chmod 600 "$key_path"
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chmod 644 "$key_pub"
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# Display public key
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if [[ -f "$key_pub" ]]; then
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log_info "Public key content:"
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echo "---"
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cat "$key_pub"
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echo "---"
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fi
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# Set ownership
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if [[ "$SUDO_USER" ]]; then
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chown -R "$SUDO_USER:$SUDO_USER" "$ssh_dir"
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fi
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log_success "SSH key setup complete"
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}
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# Setup Docker
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setup_docker() {
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log_info "Setting up Docker..."
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# Check if Docker is already installed
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if command_exists docker; then
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local docker_version
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docker_version=$(docker --version 2>&1)
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log_info "Docker is already installed: $docker_version"
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# Check if Docker service is running
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if command_exists systemctl; then
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if systemctl is-active --quiet docker; then
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log_info "Docker service is running"
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else
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log_warning "Docker installed but not running, attempting to start..."
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systemctl start docker 2>/dev/null || true
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systemctl enable docker 2>/dev/null || true
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fi
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fi
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log_success "Docker already configured"
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return 0
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fi
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log_info "Installing Docker..."
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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# Install prerequisites
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install_packages "apt-transport-https" "ca-certificates" "curl" "gnupg" "lsb-release"
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# Add Docker GPG key
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mkdir -p /etc/apt/keyrings
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curl -fsSL "https://download.docker.com/linux/${DISTRO_ID}/gpg" | gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg 2>/dev/null || true
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# Add Docker repository
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echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/${DISTRO_ID} $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
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# Update and install
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apt-get update -qq
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install_packages "docker-ce" "docker-ce-cli" "containerd.io" "docker-buildx-plugin" "docker-compose-plugin"
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;;
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rhel)
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if [[ "$DISTRO_ID" == "fedora" ]]; then
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# Fedora
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dnf install -y dnf-plugins-core || true
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dnf config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/fedora/docker-ce.repo || true
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dnf install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin \
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|| log_error "Docker package installation failed"
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else
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# CentOS/RHEL
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yum install -y yum-utils || true
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yum-config-manager --add-repo https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo || true
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yum install -y docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io docker-buildx-plugin docker-compose-plugin \
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|| log_error "Docker package installation failed"
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fi
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;;
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esac
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# Configure Docker service
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if command_exists systemctl; then
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log_info "Configuring Docker service..."
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# Enable Docker
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systemctl enable docker 2>/dev/null || true
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# Start Docker
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systemctl start docker 2>/dev/null || true
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# Add user to docker group
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if [[ "$SUDO_USER" ]] && [[ "$DISTRO_FAMILY" == "debian" ]]; then
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if ! getent group docker | grep -q "$SUDO_USER"; then
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usermod -aG docker "$SUDO_USER"
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log_info "User '$SUDO_USER' added to docker group"
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fi
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fi
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fi
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# Verify Docker installation
|
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if command_exists docker; then
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log_success "Docker installed: $(docker --version)"
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# Test Docker
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if docker run --rm hello-world &>/dev/null; then
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log_success "Docker is working correctly"
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else
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log_warning "Docker installed but 'hello-world' test failed"
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fi
|
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else
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log_error "Docker installation failed"
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return 1
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fi
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|
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log_success "Docker setup complete"
|
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}
|
|
|
|
# Setup common development tools
|
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setup_dev_tools() {
|
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log_info "Setting up development tools..."
|
|
|
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local dev_tools=()
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|
|
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case "$DISTRO_FAMILY" in
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debian)
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dev_tools=(
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"git"
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"tree"
|
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"net-tools"
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"iputils-ping"
|
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"ncdu"
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"btop" # or htop
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)
|
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;;
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rhel)
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dev_tools=(
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"git"
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"tree"
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"net-tools"
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"iputils"
|
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"ncdu"
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"btop"
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)
|
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;;
|
|
esac
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install_packages "${dev_tools[@]}"
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|
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log_success "Development tools setup complete"
|
|
}
|
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|
|
# Configure system settings
|
|
configure_system() {
|
|
log_info "Configuring system settings..."
|
|
|
|
# Set timezone (if not set)
|
|
if [[ ! -L /etc/localtime ]]; then
|
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log_info "Setting timezone to UTC..."
|
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ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/UTC /etc/localtime 2>/dev/null || true
|
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fi
|
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|
|
# Configure shell
|
|
if command_exists bash && [[ -f /etc/bash.bashrc ]]; then
|
|
# Add helpful bash aliases if not present
|
|
if ! grep -q "# User defined aliases" /etc/bash.bashrc; then
|
|
echo "" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
|
|
echo "# User defined aliases" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
|
|
echo "alias ll='ls -lah'" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
|
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echo "alias la='ls -A'" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
|
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echo "alias l='ls -CF'" >> /etc/bash.bashrc
|
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log_info "Added shell aliases"
|
|
fi
|
|
fi
|
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|
|
# Configure firewall (if available)
|
|
if command_exists ufw; then
|
|
log_info "Configuring UFW firewall..."
|
|
# Allow SSH *before* enabling, so a remote/SSH session doesn't get
|
|
# locked out the moment the firewall comes up.
|
|
ufw allow OpenSSH 2>/dev/null || ufw allow 22/tcp 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
ufw default deny incoming 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
ufw default allow outgoing 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
ufw --force enable 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
log_info "UFW firewall configured (deny incoming except SSH, allow outgoing)"
|
|
elif command_exists firewall-cmd; then
|
|
log_info "Configuring firewalld..."
|
|
firewall-cmd --permanent --add-service=ssh 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
firewall-cmd --reload 2>/dev/null || true
|
|
log_info "firewalld configured"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
log_success "System configuration complete"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Print summary
|
|
print_summary() {
|
|
echo ""
|
|
echo "=============================================="
|
|
echo " Linux Setup Complete!"
|
|
echo "=============================================="
|
|
echo ""
|
|
echo "Installed/Configured:"
|
|
echo " - Essential system packages"
|
|
echo " - Python 3 with pip"
|
|
echo " - OpenSSH server and client"
|
|
echo " - SSH key: ~/.ssh/id_ed25519"
|
|
echo " - Docker CE"
|
|
echo " - Development tools"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
echo "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
|
|
# Show SSH public key for easy copying
|
|
local ssh_dir="/root/.ssh"
|
|
if [[ "$SUDO_USER" ]]; then
|
|
ssh_dir="/home/$SUDO_USER/.ssh"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
if [[ -f "$ssh_dir/id_ed25519.pub" ]]; then
|
|
echo "Your SSH public key (add to GitHub/GitLab/etc.):"
|
|
echo "---"
|
|
cat "$ssh_dir/id_ed25519.pub"
|
|
echo "---"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
if [[ -f "$ssh_dir/id_ed25519" ]]; then
|
|
echo "To use SSH key, run:"
|
|
echo " eval \"\$(ssh-agent -s)\""
|
|
echo " ssh-add $ssh_dir/id_ed25519"
|
|
echo ""
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
echo "=============================================="
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Show usage
|
|
show_usage() {
|
|
cat << EOF
|
|
Usage: $0 [OPTIONS]
|
|
|
|
Linux Environment Setup Script v${SCRIPT_VERSION}
|
|
|
|
OPTIONS:
|
|
-h, --help Show this help message
|
|
--skip-packages Skip package installation
|
|
--skip-python Skip Python installation
|
|
--skip-ssh Skip SSH installation
|
|
--skip-ssh-key Skip SSH key generation
|
|
--skip-docker Skip Docker installation
|
|
--skip-dev-tools Skip development tools
|
|
--skip-system Skip system configuration
|
|
--log-file FILE Custom log file path
|
|
|
|
EXAMPLES:
|
|
$0 # Run full setup
|
|
$0 --skip-docker # Setup without Docker
|
|
$0 --log-file /tmp/mylog.log
|
|
|
|
EOF
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# =============================================================================
|
|
# MAIN SCRIPT
|
|
# =============================================================================
|
|
|
|
main() {
|
|
# Parse arguments
|
|
SKIP_PACKAGES=false
|
|
SKIP_PYTHON=false
|
|
SKIP_SSH=false
|
|
SKIP_SSH_KEY=false
|
|
SKIP_DOCKER=false
|
|
SKIP_DEV_TOOLS=false
|
|
SKIP_SYSTEM=false
|
|
|
|
while [[ $# -gt 0 ]]; do
|
|
case $1 in
|
|
-h|--help)
|
|
show_usage
|
|
exit 0
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-packages)
|
|
SKIP_PACKAGES=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-python)
|
|
SKIP_PYTHON=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-ssh)
|
|
SKIP_SSH=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-ssh-key)
|
|
SKIP_SSH_KEY=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-docker)
|
|
SKIP_DOCKER=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-dev-tools)
|
|
SKIP_DEV_TOOLS=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--skip-system)
|
|
SKIP_SYSTEM=true
|
|
shift
|
|
;;
|
|
--log-file)
|
|
LOG_FILE="$2"
|
|
shift 2
|
|
;;
|
|
*)
|
|
log_error "Unknown option: $1"
|
|
show_usage
|
|
exit 1
|
|
;;
|
|
esac
|
|
done
|
|
|
|
# Print header
|
|
echo ""
|
|
echo "=============================================="
|
|
echo " Linux Environment Setup Script v${SCRIPT_VERSION}"
|
|
echo "=============================================="
|
|
echo ""
|
|
mkdir -p "$(dirname "$LOG_FILE")"
|
|
log_info "Log file: $LOG_FILE"
|
|
|
|
# Initial checks
|
|
check_root
|
|
detect_distro
|
|
|
|
# Check for supported distribution
|
|
if [[ "$DISTRO_FAMILY" == "unknown" ]]; then
|
|
log_warning "Unsupported distribution. Script may not work correctly."
|
|
log_warning "Proceeding anyway..."
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Update package cache
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_PACKAGES" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
update_package_cache
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup essential packages
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_PACKAGES" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_essential_packages || log_warning "Some packages may have failed to install"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup Python
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_PYTHON" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_python || log_warning "Python setup had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup SSH
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_SSH" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_ssh || log_warning "SSH setup had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup SSH Key
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_SSH_KEY" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_ssh_key || log_warning "SSH key setup had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup Docker
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_DOCKER" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_docker || log_warning "Docker setup had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Setup Development Tools
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_DEV_TOOLS" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
setup_dev_tools || log_warning "Dev tools setup had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Configure System
|
|
if [[ "$SKIP_SYSTEM" == "false" ]]; then
|
|
configure_system || log_warning "System configuration had issues"
|
|
fi
|
|
|
|
# Print summary
|
|
print_summary
|
|
|
|
log_success "All tasks completed!"
|
|
}
|
|
|
|
# Run main function
|
|
main "$@" |